Magnesium
Element 12 of Periodic table is Magnesium with atomic number 12, atomic weight 24.305. Magnesium, symbol Mg, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Silver color. Magnesium is a alkaline earth metal element. Trivial name of Magnesium is alkaline earth metals*. Know everything about Magnesium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.
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Magnesium Facts
Read key information and facts about element Magnesium
| Name | Magnesium |
| Atomic Number | 12 |
| Atomic Symbol | Mg |
| Atomic Weight | 24.305 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Classification | alkaline earth metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | 2 |
| Group Name | beryllium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | 3 |
| Block in Periodic Table | s-block |
| Electronic Configuration | |
| Melting Point | 650 °C |
| Boiling Point | 1090 °C |
| Electronic Shell Structure | <2, 8, 2> |
| CAS Number | CAS7439-95-4 |
Neighborhood
3
Li
4
Be
11
Na
12
Mg
19
K
20
Ca
21
Sc
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| 1 | 1 H 2 He | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne | |||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe | |||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 55 Cs 56 Ba 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn | |||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 87 Fr 88 Ra 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Nh 114 Fl 115 Mc 116 Lv 117 Ts 118 Og | |||||||||||||||||
| Lanthanides | 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu | |||||||||||||||||
| Actinide | 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr |
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How to Locate Magnesium on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 12 to find Magnesium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Magnesium on periodic table look for cross section of group 2 and period 3 in the modern periodic table.
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Table of Contents
History
Abundance
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
Crystal Structure
Atomic & Orbital Properties
Chemical Properties
Isotopes
Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Databases
Compare Magnesium with other elements
Magnesium History
The element Magnesium was discovered by Joseph Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom . Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece
Magnesium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Magnesium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth"s Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Abundance in Universe | 0.0006 |
| Abundance in Sun | 0.0007 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 0.12 |
| Abundance in Earth"s Crust | 0.029 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0013 |
| Abundance in Humans | 0.00027 |
Crystal Structure of Magnesium
The solid state structure of Magnesium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| 320.94 | 320.94 | 521.08 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |  |
| Space Group Number | 194 | |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
Magnesium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Magnesium atoms have 12 electrons and the electronic shell structure is <2, 8, 2> with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 1S0.
| Atomic Number | 12 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 12 |
| Number of Protons | 12 |
| Mass Number | 24 |
| Number of Neutrons | 12 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | <2, 8, 2> |
| Electron Configuration | |
| Valence Electrons | 3s2 |
| Oxidation State | 1;2 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 1S0 |
Shell Structure of Magnesium - Electrons per energy level
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Magnesium - neutral Magnesium atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Magnesium atom isSee more: What Is The Setting Of Act Ii Of The Crucible, The Crucible Act Ii
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Magnesium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Magnesium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Atomic Structure of Magnesium
Magnesium atomic radius is 145 pm, while it"s covalent radius is 130 pm.
| Atomic Radius | 145 pm (1.45 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 13.9844649022 cm3 |
| Covalent Radius | 130 pm (1.3 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | 173 pm |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.063 σa/barns |
Atomic Spectrum of Magnesium
Magnesium Chemical Properties: Magnesium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Magnesium is 0 kJ/mol
| Valence | 2 |
| Electronegativity | 1.31 |
| ElectronAffinity | 0 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Magnesium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Magnesium
| 1 | 737.7 |
| 2 | 1450.7 |
| 3 | 7732.7 |
| 4 | 10542.5 |
| 5 | 13630 |
| 6 | 18020 |
| 7 | 21711 |
| 8 | 25661 |
| 9 | 31653 |
| 10 | 35458 |
Magnesium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Magnesium Physical Properties
| Density | 1.738 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 13.9844649022 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 45 GPa |
| Shear Modulus | 17 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 45 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.29 |
Hardness of Magnesium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | 2.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | N/A |
| Brinell Hardness | 260 MPa |
Magnesium Electrical Properties
Magnesium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Magnesium
| Electrical Conductivity | 2.3×107 S/m |
| Resistivity | 4.4×10-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | N/A |
Magnesium Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 160 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 8.2×10-6 K-1 |
Magnesium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | N/A |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.9×10-9 |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.68×10-10 |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.2e-05 |
Optical Properties of Magnesium
| Refractive Index | N/A |
Acoustic Properties of Magnesium
| Speed of Sound | 4602 m/s |
Magnesium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Magnesium
| Melting Point | 923 K (650 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 1363 K (1090 °C) |
| Critical Temperature | N/A |
| Superconducting Point | N/A |
Enthalpies of Magnesium
| Heat of Fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 128 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | -668 J/(kg K) |
Magnesium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Magnesium
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Magnesium has 3 stable isotope - 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg.
| 19Mg | ||||
| 20Mg | ||||
| 21Mg | ||||
| 22Mg | ||||
| 23Mg | ||||
| 24Mg | 78.99% | Stable | N/A | |
| 25Mg | 10% | Stable | N/A | |
| 26Mg | 11.01% | Stable | N/A | |
| 27Mg | ||||
| 28Mg | ||||
| 29Mg | ||||
| 30Mg | ||||
| 31Mg | ||||
| 32Mg | ||||
| 33Mg | ||||
| 34Mg | ||||
| 35Mg | ||||
| 36Mg | ||||
| 37Mg | ||||
| 38Mg | ||||
| 39Mg | ||||
| 40Mg |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7439-95-4 |
| RTECS Number | N/A |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 2950 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | N/A |
| NFPA Health Rating | 0 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 1 |
| Autoignition Point | 472 °C |
| Flashpoint | 500 °C |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7439-95-4 |
| CID Number | CID5462224 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | N/A |